SLU-PP-332: The Definitive Guide

What is SLU-PP-332?

SLU-PP-332 is a lab-made chemical that switches on a family of proteins called estrogen-related receptors, which help muscle cells burn fat and build energy-producing machinery. Mice given it ran farther and gained less fat, so it is sold as "exercise in a pill", but it has never been studied in people.

It is a small molecule, a single compact chemical like most tablet medicines, rather than a peptide (a chain of amino acids). Its formula is C18H14N2O2 and it weighs 290.3 g/mol, a fraction of the size of even a short peptide. It belongs to a chemical family called acylhydrazones: two ring-shaped halves joined by a short bridge that contains two nitrogen atoms. The name is a laboratory code from the research group that described it, then based at Saint Louis University. [1], [2], [3]

Its targets, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ), are not estrogen receptors. They got the name because their structure resembles the estrogen receptor, but estrogen does not switch them on. They sit in the cell nucleus and turn on genes for mitochondria, the parts of a cell that turn fuel into usable energy. In cell tests, SLU-PP-332 did not change the activity of the actual estrogen receptors. [2]

The key word is investigational. No study has given SLU-PP-332 to people, and no human trial is registered. It is not an approved medicine in the United States or Canada, and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) names it on its list of substances banned in sport from January 1, 2027. [4], [5], [6]

Typical SLU-PP-332 Protocols

The most common pattern in the reviewed sources is 250 mcg to 1 mg a day by mouth, usually as one capsule in the morning or before training, for about 4–8 weeks followed by about 4 weeks off. Retail capsules are mostly sold as 100, 250 or 500 mcg, with a label of one capsule a day. [7], [10], [11], [12], [13], [9]

Titration Changing the amount in steps

The low-row source starts at 250–500 mcg a day for two weeks, then uses 500 mcg to 1 mg. The mid-row source starts at 5 mg a day and moves to 10 mg only after checking tolerance. Capsule labels usually give one capsule a day, and one high-strength capsule page says one 100 mg capsule in the morning, or one twice a day for experienced users. [7], [8], [14]

Breaks and cycles

Most sources describe about 4 weeks off after 4–12 weeks on. Others give 2 weeks on and 1 week off. One dosing page says plainly that the reason for cycling is theoretical, because nobody has measured whether the body adapts to it. [7], [8], [9], [14]

Timing

Morning, or shortly before exercise, because later doses are linked with poor sleep in user reports. Some people split the day's amount into two or three doses, for example morning and early afternoon. [8], [9], [15], [16]

Monitoring

Some protocol pages suggest a blood count, a metabolic panel (blood sugar, kidney and liver markers) and cholesterol tests every 4–8 weeks, and one lists a much longer set of baseline tests. These are the sources' own precautions, not tested safety checks. See what to monitor. [8], [17]

Before relying on any row, know what is missing. No amount of SLU-PP-332, from 100 mcg to 100 mg, has ever been given to a person in a study, so there is no known safe amount, no known effective amount and no human safety record. Every animal result came from injections into the belly cavity of mice, and the research group that created the compound says it lacks oral bioavailability: swallowed, little of it is expected to reach the blood. [18], [4] Specific cautions:

• Blood sugar. Some users describe faintness, shakiness or a low blood-sugar reading, mostly while also taking a GLP-1 medicine such as tirzepatide or retatrutide. Medicines that already lower blood sugar make this more dangerous. See low blood sugar. [19], [20]
• Heart, anxiety and sleep. A racing heart, panic attacks and short sleep are among the effects people report. People with heart-rhythm problems or anxiety disorders have no safety data at all. [21], [15]
• Injections. The powder barely dissolves in water. Injectable versions usually rely on DMSO, a solvent. The only US-approved medicine with DMSO as its active ingredient is a bladder rinse labelled not for injection into a muscle or vein. See why injections are a particular concern. [22], [23]
• Pregnancy, breastfeeding and under-18s. Never studied. This guide is written for adults.
• Sport. Banned at all times by WADA from January 1, 2027. [6]

Read the units: 1 mg equals 1,000 mcg. Capsule strengths run from 100 mcg to 100 mg, a thousandfold range, so the same "one capsule a day" can mean very different amounts. Check whether a number is per dose or per day, and whether it describes SLU-PP-332 alone or a blend.

Each row is a complete schedule as one source published it, so its amount and duration belong together. Low, mid and high are alternatives, not steps to move through. These schedules come from dosing websites and product pages, not from any study in people; the cited references give the full details.

What about injections?

Injected amounts are even less settled than oral ones. Other pages give 250 mcg up to three times a day, a ladder of 1, 2 and 3 mg a day over eight weeks, or 5–15 mg a day. [26], [27], [28]

Three facts matter more than any row: the mouse studies injected into the belly cavity, not by subcutaneous injection, so no study supports that route; the compound barely dissolves in water, so injectables turn cloudy, form crystals or rely on DMSO or oils; and if the powder is not fully dissolved, nobody knows how much each injection holds (see why injections are a particular concern). [2], [22], [29]

In community education groups, taking it by mouth is the default, and educators generally discourage DMSO injections; the injected amounts members describe range from about 250 mcg to 5 mg a day, most often around 500 mcg in the morning. These are reported practices, not tested doses.

Where protocols differ: dose scales, timing, breaks and units ↓

What is SLU-PP-332 commonly used for?

Most people look into SLU-PP-332 for endurance and fat loss: easier cardio, a way through a weight-loss plateau, or "the benefits of exercise" with less effort. A smaller group hopes it will help with low energy, aging muscles or long-term illnesses that limit exercise.

All of that comes from mouse and cell studies. No study has tested whether SLU-PP-332 improves endurance, body fat, energy or any health condition in people. [2], [3], [4]

Endurance and "exercise in a pill"

This is the use that made SLU-PP-332 famous. In the original study, mice given a week of twice-daily injections ran about 70% longer and 45% farther on a treadmill than control mice given injections without the drug, without any extra training. (One figure legend in the paper describes a single dose an hour before running instead, an inconsistency the paper does not explain.) After two weeks their grip was stronger, and their leg muscles had more mitochondria and more of the fatigue-resistant fiber type that endurance training builds. [2]

In people, the most repeated claim is that cardio feels easier, with breathing and heart rate lower at the same effort, usually when a dose is taken before training. Others notice nothing at all, and nobody has measured endurance under controlled conditions. [33], [34], [35], [36] The community section gives the details.

Doserly

What the two main mouse studies measured

A · 2023 endurance study

Male mice, 7 days of twice-daily injections into the belly cavity (50 mg/kg), vs. controls. Bars share a linear scale starting at 0.

Running time · about 70% longer

Control100%

Treated~170%

Running distance · about 45% farther

Control100%

Treated~145%

B · 2024 obesity study

Fat gained over 28 days. Bars share a linear scale starting at 0.

Fat gained

Control~5 g

Treated<0.5 g

Weight about 12% lower than controls at day 28Same food intakeInsulin tolerance test: no change

Mouse studies, injections into the belly cavity. Not human outcomes.

Mouse results do not establish a benefit in people.

Fat loss and weight-loss plateaus

In obese mice kept on a high-fat diet, four weeks of twice-daily injections produced a gradual weight loss, and by the end treated mice weighed about 12% less than control mice. The control mice gained about 5 g of fat; the treated mice gained less than 0.5 g. They ate the same amount of food and moved about the same, so the researchers put the difference down to higher energy use at rest and more fat burning. [3]

That difference is the appeal: GLP-1 medicines such as semaglutide and tirzepatide mainly reduce appetite, while SLU-PP-332 is promoted as raising energy use. In practice, most people who describe large weight losses were also taking a GLP-1 medicine, dieting or using other compounds, so what SLU-PP-332 added cannot be separated. [37], [38]

Blood sugar and cholesterol

The same mouse study gives a mixed picture. In obese mice, fasting blood sugar and insulin were lower, cholesterol and triglycerides fell and they cleared a glucose load better, but an insulin tolerance test (a check of how well the body responds to insulin) did not change. In lean mice on normal food, blood sugar, insulin and glucose tolerance did not change. Claims that SLU-PP-332 "improves insulin sensitivity" go further than the data. [3]

Energy

Many users describe "clean" energy without the jitteriness of caffeine, or a restless urge to be active. Others describe the opposite: tiredness a few hours after a dose, or an afternoon crash. These are impressions, not measurements, and there is no human research on energy. [15], [39], [40]

Heart, kidney and aging muscle

In mice with surgically induced heart failure, six weeks of injections improved the heart's pumping and reduced scarring. In 21-month-old mice, eight weeks of daily injections reversed age-related protein leakage into the urine and signs of kidney-cell damage. In muscle cells grown from biopsies of inactive women having hip-replacement surgery, adding SLU-PP-332 to the dish lowered markers of cell stress and aging. None of this has been tested in people with heart, kidney or muscle disease. [41], [42], [43]

Other uses you may come across

People also discuss it for narcolepsy, chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), long COVID and conditions from thyroid problems to migraine. The first three appear only in individual online accounts, and there is no research on any of these uses. [44], [45], [46] For ME/CFS, a delayed worsening of symptoms after activity (post-exertional malaise) is a defining feature, and UK national guidance advises against general exercise programmes for it, so an "exercise mimic" raises questions of its own. [47] In community education groups, some condition lists name SLU-PP-332 for a wide range of problems without citing any evidence.

Can it replace exercise?

Its developers say no. "We cannot replace exercise; exercise is important on all levels," one of them said in 2024. The mice gained endurance and burned more fat, but exercise does far more than the gene changes a drug can copy, a point a 2025 review of "exercise pills" makes in its title. [48], [49]

See why there is no human evidence or explore the supporting mouse and cell research.

Where do SLU-PP-332 protocols differ?

Almost everything varies: the scale of the dose, whether it is swallowed or injected, how it is split through the day, and how long a course lasts. The biggest split is over dose.

Micrograms or hundreds of milligrams?

Sources fall into camps that barely overlap. Capsule labels and many dosing pages use 100 mcg to 1 mg a day. Others use 5–10 mg. A newer group of pages and products uses 25–100 mg or more, and some users describe taking hundreds of milligrams to more than 1 g a day. The lowest and highest amounts in regular use differ more than 10,000-fold. [10], [8], [9], [14], [50]

Doserly

How far apart are the reported amounts?

No amount has been tested in people.

Each mini axis runs from 0.01 to 10,000 mg, with a tick every tenfold step.

Capsule labels

0.1–0.5 mg a day

Low-dose protocol pages

0.25–1 mg a day

Mid protocol pages

5–10 mg a day

Tablet and 100 mg capsule pages

25–200 mg a day

What users report

about 0.05–1,500 mg a day

Converted from mouse doses

About 650 mg a day. Calculation only; not a tested dose.

The reported ranges differ more than 10,000-fold; none is from a human study.

The shift happened over time. Early products in 2023 and 2024 were mostly 100–500 mcg capsules; 20 mg tablets appeared in late 2024 and 100 mg capsules from about September 2025. Each camp includes people who feel a clear effect and people who feel nothing, which fits unknown product content and expectation as well as a real dose effect. [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [35]

In community education groups, the same split appears. Structured lessons mostly teach 250 mcg rising to about 1 mg a day and avoid very high doses, while some educators promote weight-based amounts that work out to hundreds of milligrams a day. Some of the loudest advocates of very high doses sell high-dose products.

Where do "4 mg/kg" and "650 mg a day" come from?

From converting the mouse doses into a human equivalent dose. An FDA guidance for planning first trials divides a mouse dose in milligrams per kilogram by 12.3. Applied to one 50 mg/kg mouse injection, that gives about 4 mg/kg, and one user multiplied 4 mg/kg by an 80 kg body weight to reach 320 mg a day. One dosing page instead starts from the full day's 100 mg/kg (two injections) and reaches about 650 mg a day for an 80 kg adult. [56], [9], [57]

That arithmetic has three problems. First, the FDA method starts from the highest dose that caused no harm in a formal animal toxicity study, not from an effective dose, and then divides by a safety factor of at least 10 to choose a cautious first dose for a supervised trial. No such toxicity study or trial exists for SLU-PP-332. Second, the mice were injected into the belly cavity, so the conversion says nothing about a capsule. Third, one mouse study had to be cut short because the animals tolerated twice-daily injections of that dose poorly. [56], [3]

Is the number for one dose or the whole day?

250 mcg taken twice a day is a 500 mcg daily total. Likewise, one 100 mg capsule twice a day is 200 mg for the day. Pages that describe "1–3 capsules daily" can therefore mean a threefold range. Read each number as per dose or per day before comparing it with another. [14], [7]

Morning, before training, or split through the day?

Most sources say morning or before exercise, and users repeatedly link afternoon or evening doses with poor sleep. Pages that split the day's amount into two or three doses usually point to a short half-life, but no half-life has been published for SLU-PP-332 in any species. Some users feel it only on training days. [8], [9], [15], [58]

Do sources start low?

Most do, from very different starting points: 250 mcg for two weeks before 500 mcg to 1 mg; 5 mg before 10 mg; 3 mg injected every other day for at least two to three weeks; or one 100 mg capsule before trying two. These are separate examples, and no source shows that a higher amount works if a lower one did nothing. [7], [8], [17], [14]

How many weeks, and are breaks needed?

Most schedules run 4–12 weeks, then about 4 weeks off. Others use 2 weeks on and 1 off, or leave cycling open. Reasons given for breaks, such as "resetting receptors", have not been tested for this compound, and one dosing page calls the rationale theoretical. The honest reason for a limit is that nobody has been observed taking it for longer under study conditions. [9], [8], [14], [24]

Are single pages consistent?

Often not, and the errors are easy to spot once you know the basics:

• Wrong mechanism. Pages have called SLU-PP-332 a REV-ERB agonist or an AMPK activator, or given the chemical name of AICAR, a different drug. It is an ERR agonist. [26], [27], [32], [2]
• Wrong chemistry. One listing gives a molecular weight of 500 g/mol instead of 290.3, and one retail listing gives a different formula and registry (CAS) number altogether. [32], [59], [1]
• Mouse numbers dressed as human ones. One page turns a 25 g mouse's dose into a 1.25–2.5 mg daily "protocol"; another lists "30 mg once a day" while citing a paper that used milligrams per kilogram of mouse body weight. [30], [31], [2]
• Wrong study details. One page says the mouse studies used 10 mg/kg; they used 25–50 mg/kg. [7], [2], [42]
• Inconsistent labels. One 100 mg capsule page says "1–3 capsules daily" near the top, "do not exceed 6 capsules per day" further down, and 2–4 capsules morning and evening for "advanced" users in a third place. [14]
• Unsourced figures. Oral absorption percentages circulate in forums, and one dosing page gives a 1.5-hour half-life, but no published study reports either number. [60], [58]

How do milligrams convert to syringe units?

On an insulin syringe, units measure volume: a U-100 syringe holds 100 units per millilitre. How much SLU-PP-332 each unit holds depends entirely on the concentration of the liquid.

For example, at a concentration of 2.5 mg (2,500 mcg) per mL, 0.1 mL holds 250 mcg, which is 10 units. At a lower concentration the same amount takes more units. [26] Doserly's reconstitution calculator works through this arithmetic for any concentration and shows each step.

The arithmetic only works if the powder is fully dissolved. SLU-PP-332 barely dissolves in water, so a cloudy liquid or one with crystals is a suspension, and each unit may hold much more or much less than the calculation says. Mixing up mcg and mg is a thousandfold error. [22], [61]

Blends and stacks

SLU-PP-332 is often sold premixed. Searched names include SLU-PP-332 + BAM15, SLU-PP-332 + 5-Amino-1MQ and SLU-PP-332 + orforglipron, and people stack it with cardarine, AICAR and other compounds. Examples include a capsule with 100 mcg SLU-PP-332 and 15 mg BAM15, another with 100 mcg SLU-PP-332 and 50 mg BAM15, a capsule with 1 mg SLU-PP-332 and 50 mg 5-Amino-1MQ, and a stack of 500 mcg SLU-PP-332 with 10 mg AICAR. A blend's total strength is not its SLU-PP-332 amount, and no combination has been studied. [62], [13], [63], [7], [64]

One US telehealth service that had sold a pharmacy-made capsule of 100 mcg SLU-PP-332 with 15 mg BAM15 stopped selling it on September 20, 2026, citing the developers' statement that the compound is not absorbed when swallowed. [62] Read the Doserly guides to the SLU-PP-332 + BAM15 blend, the SLU-PP-332 + 5-Amino blend and the SLU-PP-332 + orforglipron blend.

What happens when you stop SLU-PP-332?

Nobody knows, because it has not been studied. No study has given it to people, and none of the mouse studies followed the animals after treatment ended, so there are no data on rebound, withdrawal or how long any effect lasts. [2], [3], [41], [42]

Public reports point in different directions. Some people describe no crash on stopping, only the loss of "effortless" cardio, and a few say their cardio gains held for weeks afterward. Others describe feeling flat for a while after a course. A smaller number describe severe fatigue, headaches and tingling in the days after stopping a low dose, or brain fog, dizziness and a lower heart-rate variability for three or more weeks after a single week of use. [34], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [36], [70]

One person who reported a body-fat scan of 9.3% after 90 days said it had drifted back to about 11% three months after stopping. Because most users also take other compounds or GLP-1 medicines, and weight regain after stopping a GLP-1 medicine is well described, a change after stopping a combination cannot be pinned on SLU-PP-332. [71]

Do capsules and injections of SLU-PP-332 behave the same way?

Nobody knows, because the only route ever studied is one that people do not use. Every published animal study injected SLU-PP-332 into the belly cavity of mice (intraperitoneal injection), usually once or twice a day. No study has measured what happens when it is swallowed, placed under the tongue or given by subcutaneous injection. [2], [3], [41], [42]

A swallowed capsule has to be absorbed through the gut and pass through the liver before any of it reaches the blood. The share that arrives is called its bioavailability. For SLU-PP-332 no number has been published, but the research group that created it describes it as a compound that "improves aerobic performance in mice but lacks oral bioavailability". In 2023 the same group said the plan was to refine its structure, "ideally making it available as a pill instead of an injection", and to test it for side effects in more animal models before any human trial. [18], [72]

That refinement produced SLU-PP-915, a related but chemically different compound designed to work when swallowed. Its oral results in mice belong to SLU-PP-915 and say nothing about SLU-PP-332 capsules. [18], [73]

Doserly

Studied route compared with forms sold

Intraperitoneal injection (into the belly cavity)

Studied?

Yes, mice only

What is known

All five animal studies; 25–50 mg/kg once or twice daily; mouse results only

How it is sold

Not a route people use

Oral capsule or tablet (swallowed)

Studied?

No

What is known

Developers say it lacks oral bioavailability; no number published

How it is sold

Most common retail form (100 mcg to 100 mg)

Sublingual liquid (under the tongue)

Studied?

No

What is known

No data

How it is sold

Liquids and drops

Subcutaneous injection (into the fatty layer under the skin)

Studied?

No

What is known

Very low solubility in a lab test (0.2 micromolar); products rely on DMSO or oils, or are suspensions

How it is sold

Vials; DMSO-based liquids

Nasal spray or on the skin

Studied?

No

What is known

No data

How it is sold

Rare

Mouse doses are not converted to human amounts.

Forums repeat precise oral absorption percentages. We found no published source for any of them; one public thread traced a popular figure to an edited encyclopedia entry whose references did not exist. [74], [60]

How long does it last in the body?

Half-life is the time it takes for the level in the blood to fall by half. It is not the same as how long an effect lasts. No half-life for SLU-PP-332 has been published for people or for any animal.

What has been measured is limited:

• A few mouse measurements. In the only pharmacokinetic test (how the body absorbs and clears a substance), three mice were injected into the belly cavity with 30 mg/kg and sampled over the following hours. At two hours, levels were about 0.6 micromolar in skeletal muscle and about 0.2 micromolar in blood plasma. The researchers judged this "sufficient" for a laboratory tool; a few time points do not give a half-life, and none was reported. [2]
• Liver tests in a dish. Liver microsomes are cell fractions used to test how quickly the liver breaks a chemical down. A 2023 paper described SLU-PP-332 as stable for at least 60 minutes in human and mouse microsomes, while a 2026 paper from the same research group measured about 31 minutes in human microsomes and called the stability "moderate". A 2026 review co-written by one of the developers says it "is not considered metabolically stable enough to be a classic drug candidate without further optimization". [73], [22], [75]
• Not the brain. The developers say SLU-PP-332 cannot pass into the brain. [48]

One dosing page gives a half-life of 1.5 hours, with no source. [58] In community education groups, members often say the effect starts within 10–30 minutes and fades after 4–7 hours, which is why some take it two or three times a day. A felt effect is not a blood level.

Why are injections a particular concern?

Because SLU-PP-332 barely dissolves in water. In a standard laboratory solubility test in a salt-water buffer, it measured 0.2 micromolar, which the authors called "extremely low". That is roughly 0.06 micrograms per millilitre, thousands of times less than the amounts sold per dose. The test does not show what is in any retail product, but it explains why liquids turn cloudy or rely on solvents. [22]

Laboratory suppliers dissolve it in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), a strong industrial and laboratory solvent, and state that their product is for research only and "not for human or veterinary" use. The mouse studies also used laboratory solvent mixtures that contained DMSO. [76], [77], [78], [2], [41], [42]

DMSO is the active ingredient of only one US-approved medicine: a 50% solution that is placed into the bladder for a painful bladder condition, and its label says it is "not for intramuscular or intravenous injection". That label says nothing in favour of injecting DMSO-based SLU-PP-332 products. [23]

What people describe matches the chemistry. Public threads report cloudy vials, crystals and painful DMSO-based injections, and some people dissolve vials in plain bacteriostatic water, which cannot hold more than a trace in true solution. [29], [61], [79] In community education groups, educators generally steer members away from DMSO injections, and members describe crystals swirling like a snow globe, wasted vials and filtered liquids of unknown strength. Some say a vial that turns clear in plain water is probably not SLU-PP-332, while others report genuine vials that did, so nobody can tell from looking.

Injectable products still reach buyers. Health Canada listed a seized SLU-PP-332 product among injectable drugs it had not authorized. Nobody has tested such products for content or sterility in any published report. [80]

What about under-the-tongue liquids and other forms?

Some products are liquids placed under the tongue (sublingual), and a few people have tried nasal sprays or rubbing it on the skin. There is no study data on any of these forms. Some people report results with sublingual products, and one person described a sharp rise in blood pressure lasting hours after a single 250 mcg sublingual dose. [81], [82] In community education groups, some members prefer the sublingual route and others call it a waste.

How should SLU-PP-332 be stored, and how long does it last?

How long the capsules, tablets, liquids and vials sold online stay usable has not been tested, so none has an established use-by date. We found no published shelf-life or stability study of any retail SLU-PP-332 product. What is known comes from laboratories.

• The dry powder, as a laboratory chemical. Chemical suppliers list storage in a freezer at −20 °C, where one says the solid stays stable for at least four years and another gives three years. [76], [77]
• Dissolved for laboratory use. One supplier gives six months at −80 °C or one month at −20 °C once dissolved. In the heart-failure mouse study, researchers kept a DMSO stock frozen at −20 °C and used each diluted mixture within five days, kept at 4 °C. That is how a laboratory worked, not a tested use-by period. [77], [41]

Dosing websites give their own advice: capsules and powder at room temperature away from moisture and light; a mixed vial in the fridge and used within 30 days, or within 2–4 weeks; and powder in the freezer. One page labels its advice "typical for most peptides", and none cites a stability test of SLU-PP-332. [8], [17], [83], [28]

What do we actually know about SLU-PP-332 in people?

Nothing directly. No published study has given SLU-PP-332 to people, we found no published case report, and no human trial is registered. September 2026 searches of ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU clinical trials register and the World Health Organization's trial search found no records, and literature searches found only cell, animal and chemistry papers plus reviews. [4], [84], [85], [5]

In community education groups, some lessons claim that early human trials are under way or that the compound is well absorbed by mouth. Neither statement matches the public record above or the developers' own description. [18]

Is the "human muscle cell" study a human trial?

No. It is a cell study that used human tissue. Researchers took small muscle samples from 20 women having hip-replacement surgery, 10 physically active and 10 inactive, and grew muscle cells from them in a dish. Nobody took SLU-PP-332. [43]

When the researchers added SLU-PP-332 to cells from the inactive women for 48 hours, markers of cell damage and stress fell (by 16.1% and 37.7%), an antioxidant rose, and fewer cells showed signs of aging. Higher concentrations reduced cell survival. It is an interesting laboratory result, sometimes retold online as a human study, and it says nothing about taking a capsule. [43]

Is anyone testing SLU-PP-332 or similar drugs in people?

Not as far as public records show. A company linked to the developers lists a program for this class of drugs (pan-ERR agonists) at the lead-optimization stage, with a development candidate to be chosen in late 2027 and the safety studies needed before a human trial planned for 2028. It does not name SLU-PP-332, and the developers have moved on to newer compounds such as SLU-PP-915, which has also been studied only in mice. [86], [18], [48]

Who did the research?

Most of the mouse research comes from the group that created SLU-PP-332. Several of its members disclose stock in companies developing drugs of this kind, and a co-author of the heart study is a co-founder of one of them. That does not make the findings wrong, but repetition by unconnected teams would carry more weight. [2], [3], [41]

Reviews of the field agree on the gap. A 2026 review concludes that clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety in humans, and a 2025 review argues in its title that "exercise pills" cannot mimic the effects of exercise. [87], [49]

What would a useful result look like?

A feeling that cardio is easier is a weak guide on its own. The mouse studies measured running time on a treadmill and fat mass with body scans; in people, heart rate at a fixed pace, time at a fixed effort, weight, waist and body fat are separate outcomes that a GLP-1 medicine, training or diet can also move. Fitness-watch estimates of VO2 max (a measure of aerobic fitness) are calculated, not measured. [2], [3], [33]

How might SLU-PP-332 work?

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are switches inside the cell nucleus that turn on genes for energy production. They are already quite active without any drug; SLU-PP-332 attaches to them and turns their activity up further. [2], [3]

It works on all three: ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ. In cell tests, it reached half its maximum effect (EC50) at about 98 nanomolar for ERRα, 230 for ERRβ and 430 for ERRγ, so it is strongest at ERRα, roughly four times stronger than at ERRγ. [2], [73]

What does it do inside muscle?

In mouse muscle cells grown in a dish, SLU-PP-332 raised mitochondrial activity and the rate at which the cells used oxygen. In mice, it switched on many of the same genes that a single bout of endurance exercise switches on. DDIT4, the most strongly raised gene shared by the two leg muscles sampled, is one that muscles need to adapt to exercise. In muscle cells taken from mice bred without ERRα in their muscles, SLU-PP-332 no longer switched DDIT4 on, which is why the researchers describe the response as ERRα-dependent. [2]

After two weeks of injections, the mice had more type IIa fibers, the fatigue-resistant fiber type that endurance training builds. [2]

Why would it burn more fat?

In lean mice, energy use shifted toward fat within about two hours of the first injection, and the change held for the rest of the four-week study; fat burning was about 25% higher than in control mice. In obese mice, resting energy use rose while food intake did not change. [3]

That is the proposed explanation for the fat-loss results, and possibly for the warmth and sweating many users describe. Nobody has measured energy use, fat burning or body temperature in a person taking it. [3]

Does "estrogen-related" mean it acts like estrogen?

No. ERRs got their name because their structure resembles the estrogen receptor, but estrogen does not switch them on. In cell tests, SLU-PP-332 did not change the activity of the actual estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) or several other hormone-sensing receptors. [2]

That result does not prove there are no hormone-related effects in people, which have never been studied. A few users describe breast or nipple tenderness, in one case returning with each course and absent off it. [66], [88]

Is it an AMPK activator, a mitochondrial uncoupler or a form of cardarine?

No. These labels are common online, and all three are wrong. Some dosing pages call SLU-PP-332 an AMPK activator or a REV-ERB agonist, or give the chemical name of AICAR, a different drug. [27], [26], [2]

A mitochondrial uncoupler, such as BAM15, makes mitochondria burn fuel less efficiently, releasing more of it as heat; SLU-PP-332 instead turns up the genes that build and run mitochondria. Cardarine (GW1516), SR9009 and AICAR are separate compounds that the World Anti-Doping Agency lists by name in the same broad class of banned "metabolic modulators". [89], [2], [90]

What are the risks and unanswered questions?

The short version: no study has recorded adverse events in people at any amount, the products sold are of unknown content, and it is banned in sport from January 1, 2027. The sections below cover what has been reported, legal status in the United States, Canada and Australia, and who should be especially cautious. [4], [6]

Is SLU-PP-332 safe?

Its safety in people is unknown, because it has never been studied in people. Everything known comes from short mouse studies and laboratory tests, which can miss rare, slow or human-specific harms.

Those studies found few obvious problems. Mice given 50 mg/kg twice a day into the belly cavity for 10 days showed no overt toxicity, with normal blood counts, salts in the blood and a normal marker of muscle damage (creatine kinase). Over 28 days, lean mice had only minor changes in cholesterol and liver enzymes, and obese mice had no rise in liver enzymes. Kidney and heart studies lasting 8 and 6 weeks reported benefits, not harm, although they were not designed to look for it. [2], [3], [41], [42]

Two findings point the other way. One study of severely obese mice had to be cut short "due to reduced tolerance of twice per day intraperitoneal administration", and in muscle cells in a dish, higher concentrations reduced cell survival. [3], [43]

What has not been done matters as much. No long-term toxicity, heart-rhythm, reproductive, cancer or genetic-damage studies have been published. In 2023, the developers themselves said more animal side-effect testing should come before any human trial. [5], [72]

What problems have people reported?

Public self-reports most often describe feeling hot and sweaty, poor or short sleep (especially after afternoon or evening doses), tiredness or a crash a few hours after a dose, anxiety or panic, and a faster heart rate. Less often they describe low-blood-sugar-like episodes, diarrhea or nausea, more hunger, headaches, breast tenderness and a drop in libido. [33], [15], [39], [21], [38], [19], [91], [92], [70], [66], [93]

In community education groups, members describe the same heat, sleep and late-day crash pattern, plus heartburn and, in one member with repeated blood tests, a liver enzyme (ALT) that rose while taking it. None of this establishes cause or frequency: these are unverified products, usually taken with other compounds. The community section gives the details.

Can SLU-PP-332 cause low blood sugar?

It has not been studied, but a small cluster of public reports describes it. One person who said they took no other drugs woke up sweating after a 2 mg bedtime dose and measured a fingerstick blood sugar of 2.6 mmol/L (about 47 mg/dL), which is low. Others describe nearly fainting within an hour of a dose, on two occasions with products from two different sources, or shaky hands and dizziness after a small first dose; most of these people were also taking a GLP-1 medicine such as retatrutide or tirzepatide. [19], [20], [94]

In obese mice, fasting blood sugar and insulin were lower after four weeks of treatment. That was reported as a benefit, but it is the kind of effect that could add to other glucose-lowering medicines. [3] The prescribing label for semaglutide already warns that using it with insulin or a sulfonylurea (a type of diabetes pill) raises the risk of low blood sugar, including severe episodes. [95]

Does it affect heart rate, blood pressure or anxiety?

People report both directions. Some describe a lower heart rate during cardio, which is part of the appeal, and one person could barely raise their heart rate during exercise and felt extremely lethargic. Others describe a higher resting heart rate, blood pressure "way up" for hours after a sublingual dose, or a panic attack with tunnel vision about 45 minutes after a dose. [40], [38], [82], [21]

The heart-failure mouse study found no increase in measured heart enlargement, but it did not study heart rhythm, and no study has looked at heart rhythm in any species. [41]

Could product quality change the risk?

Yes. We found no regulator testing of SLU-PP-332 products and no independent testing large enough to show how products compare with their labels. Identity problems are documented:

• Wrong chemical listings. Three of the five US bulk-ingredient listings under the SLU-PP-332 name give a different chemical as the active ingredient, and one retail listing gives a different formula and molecular weight altogether. [96], [59]
• Unauthorized supply. Health Canada seized an SLU-PP-332 product it had not authorized and that had not been assessed for safety or quality. [80]
• A thousandfold range of strengths. Capsules are sold from 100 mcg to 100 mg, so the same "one capsule" can mean very different amounts. [10], [14]

In community education groups, members describe capsules that tested above their label, a "10 mg" vial shipped with paperwork showing about three times that amount, a vial sold as SLU-PP-332 that reportedly tested as a different compound, relabelled shipments, and people filling their own capsules from bulk powder.

Is SLU-PP-332 legal? Is it FDA-approved?

Checked September 24, 2026. Rules differ by country and change quickly.

United States. SLU-PP-332 is not an FDA-approved drug and has no label. It does not appear in the FDA's 503A bulk-substance nomination categories or on its 503B bulks list, the lists the FDA uses to sort which bulk ingredients may be used in compounding, and it is not on the FDA's list of new dietary ingredient notifications. Five bulk-ingredient listings under its name appear in the FDA's National Drug Code (NDC) directory, but the FDA states that an NDC number "does not in any way denote FDA approval". [97], [98], [99], [96], [100]

Canada. In an advisory updated in December 2025, Health Canada named an SLU-PP-332 product among unauthorized health products seized at a Vancouver gym and sold online, saying such products have "not been assessed for safety, efficacy, and quality". Health Canada's drug database lists no authorized product. [80], [101]

Australia. SLU-PP-332 is not named in the June 2026 Poisons Standard. We could not check the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (the list of medicines approved for supply) directly, and we found no report of an approved product. Not being named in the Poisons Standard does not make a substance approved or legal to sell as a medicine. [102]

We found no UK or EU regulator statement about it, and no trial in the EU register. [84]

A "research use only" label does not make a product legal to sell for human use. Chemical suppliers that sell it for laboratory work say so directly: "We do not sell to patients." [77]

Is SLU-PP-332 banned in sport? Does it show up on a drug test?

Yes, from January 1, 2027. The World Anti-Doping Agency's 2027 Prohibited List names "SLU-PP-332, SLU-PP-915 and related substances" among the metabolic modulators, which are banned at all times, in and out of competition. WADA's explanatory note says they were added as examples of metabolic modulators "acting particularly on oxidative metabolism". [6], [103]

The 2026 list does not name it, but its S0 category bans substances that have no approval for human therapeutic use and are not covered elsewhere on the list, so it may already be prohibited; athletes should treat it as off-limits and check with their anti-doping organization. The US Anti-Doping Agency warns that products sold as research chemicals put athletes at risk. [90], [104]

Two anti-doping laboratories have identified the chemicals the liver turns SLU-PP-332 into (9 in one study and 22 in another), using human liver fractions in a dish, so that tests can look for them. They note that more work is needed to confirm detection in human urine, and no detection window for people has been published. [105], [106]

Does SLU-PP-332 cause cancer?

Nobody knows, because no cancer studies have been done. One theoretical point: in prostate cancer research, higher ERRα activity helped tumors keep growing after hormone therapy. That research did not use SLU-PP-332 and does not show that it causes or worsens cancer, but it is a reason the question needs answering. [107], [5]

Who should be especially cautious?

These groups have no safety data in people. That is a reason for caution, not proof of harm.

• Pregnancy, trying to conceive and breastfeeding. No reproductive safety studies exist. [5]
• People taking glucose-lowering medicines. Insulin, sulfonylureas and GLP-1 medicines already lower blood sugar, and the low-blood-sugar-like reports mostly involve GLP-1 users. [95], [20], [19]
• People with heart-rhythm problems, heart disease, high blood pressure or panic disorder. Racing heart, high blood pressure readings and panic attacks are among the reported effects, and heart rhythm has never been studied. [21], [82], [41]
• People with ME/CFS or long COVID. A few people describe short-term improvements, but nobody followed them for long, and a delayed worsening of symptoms after activity is a defining feature of ME/CFS. [45], [46], [47]
• Anyone considering injecting it. It barely dissolves in water, and DMSO-based injections are not an approved use of DMSO. See why injections are a particular concern.
• Under 18. No studies include young people. This guide is written for adults.
• Competitive athletes. See the sport rules above. [6]

Has SLU-PP-332 been tested alongside other medicines?

No. There are no human interaction data. The theoretical concerns are added blood-sugar lowering with GLP-1 medicines, insulin or sulfonylureas, and added heart-rate or sleep effects with stimulants and pre-workout products, which some users take at the same time. The usual combinations, with BAM15, 5-Amino-1MQ, MOTS-c or a GLP-1 medicine, have not been studied either. Bring a complete list of everything you take to a pharmacist or doctor. [3], [95], [64]

What should be monitored while using SLU-PP-332?

There is no official monitoring guidance, because no regulator has approved SLU-PP-332 or issued guidance for it. What can be described is what the mouse studies measured and which checks follow from the concerns in this guide. It is information to discuss with a clinician, not a personal testing plan. [4], [97]

One protocol page suggests a blood count, a metabolic panel (a routine chemistry test covering blood sugar, kidney and liver markers) and cholesterol tests every 4–8 weeks, and another lists a much longer set of tests before starting. In community education groups, educators suggest similar tests before starting and at about 8 weeks. [8], [17]

None of these checks makes an untested compound safe. They show what is changing, which is what a clinician needs to judge whether to continue.

What do people in public communities report?

Public discussions include people who say cardio became easier, people who noticed nothing, and people who stopped because of heat, poor sleep, crashes or anxiety. Most were also taking something else, often a GLP-1 medicine, and none could confirm what their product contained.

What do the positive reports look like?

The signature claim is easier cardio. A road cyclist taking 250 mcg a day described being faster on the bike with "insane" energy, but sleeping only a few hours a night. Another person, using drops of 1.2–1.8 mg a day, tracked a fall from 91 to 87.5 kg over about four weeks and a rise in their watch's VO2 max estimate from 43 to 48, with night sweats; their posts repeatedly named the seller. [15], [33]

Some describe measured changes in body composition. One person taking 2 mg under the tongue for three weeks reported a body-fat reading (by bioimpedance, an estimate from a scale or handheld device) falling from 17.3% to 14.9%. Another, taking 1 mg a day alongside retatrutide and tesamorelin, described cutting a mile from 15 to 10 minutes and losing 40 lb, which cannot be separated from the other drugs. [81], [37]

In community education groups, the same pattern dominates: less breathlessness, a lower heart rate at the same effort, a few extra repetitions or shorter rests, and "clean" energy without caffeine's jitteriness, mostly when taken before training.

How long did those changes last?

Several accounts describe changes that faded or partly held, covered in what happens when you stop. While still taking it, one person's night sweats eased after about four weeks, and someone who ran repeated three-month cycles over a year said they stayed lean through the holidays. [71], [54]

Does everyone notice a difference?

No. People describe noticing nothing at 1 mg a day for a month, at 20 mg a day for several weeks, at 60 mg a day, and at 100–500 mg a day over about a month, the last saying it did no better than the 500 mcg to 1 mg they had used before. [36], [51], [35], [93] In community education groups, reports of no effect appear at every dose and by every route, up to 150 mg a day and more, and some educators estimate that most people feel nothing.

Does a higher dose feel stronger?

Accounts conflict. One person who ran several cycles over a year found 1 mg a day best and no added benefit at 5–10 mg. Another felt nothing at 1 mg but a strong effect at 20 mg. A third described "incredible" fat burning at 320 mg a day, with heavy sweating, after feeling little from 0.5–2 mg by mouth or 7.5 mg injected. Someone else felt fine at 250–500 mcg but described brain fog and no energy for about a month after trying a high dose. [54], [55], [57], [53]

Because product strength and identity are unverified, and expectation alone can create a placebo-like effect, these accounts cannot show a true dose effect. In community education groups, the move to very high doses is closely tied to converting the mouse doses and to sellers of high-dose products (see where the high numbers come from).

Capsules, injections or under the tongue?

Opinions run both ways. One person who switched from capsules to injections felt the two were similar, and many say taking it by mouth works for them despite the developers' statement that it is not absorbed. [15], [61], [109] In community education groups, some members felt nothing from injections but did from capsules, and others the reverse, which points as much to product differences as to route.

What about unwanted effects?

Heat and sweating are the most repeated, often taken as a sign the product is real. Sleep problems follow, mostly with later doses. Tiredness three to five hours after a dose, or an afternoon crash, is described by people at doses from 6 mg to hundreds of milligrams. [33], [15], [39], [108]

Less common reports include a panic attack with tunnel vision 45 minutes after a dose, in one case followed by months of anxiety (the person later learned of a heart finding, so the cause is unclear); chronic diarrhea and nausea hours after oral doses; strong hunger with a 6–9 lb gain in 10 days; evening headaches that went away within two days of stopping; and a sharp drop in libido at 500 mg a day. One person on 100–400 mg a day who also took retatrutide reported blood tests showing total cholesterol up 62 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol up 49 mg/dL and triglycerides up 68 mg/dL over about a month. [21], [91], [92], [36], [93], [108]

With several compounds in most routines, these reports cannot show that SLU-PP-332 caused them or how often they happen.

How can you judge an endurance or fat-loss story?

Useful questions to ask: What else changed, including a GLP-1 medicine, diet, a new training plan or a new pre-workout? Was the change measured on a treadmill, a scan or a blood test, or estimated by a watch? Over how long, and what happened weeks after stopping? Did the poster name or sell a product?

In the public accounts reviewed for this guide, more than 100 of about 440 people also used a GLP-1 medicine, many used other research compounds such as MOTS-c, BAM15 or 5-Amino-1MQ, and a number of posters had a commercial interest. These selected discussions show what people try and what they notice. They are not a survey of all users, a response rate or a substitute for controlled trials.

How does SLU-PP-332 compare with 5-Amino-1MQ, BAM15, MOTS-c and semaglutide?

These are the compounds SLU-PP-332 is most often weighed against or combined with for endurance and fat loss. No study has compared any of them directly with SLU-PP-332, so the table compares what each one is and what is known.

The real difference is the evidence. SLU-PP-332, 5-Amino-1MQ and BAM15 each act on a different target and are all still at the animal-research stage. MOTS-c has reached people only as an altered version. Semaglutide is the only one with proven weight loss in people, and it carries its own well-described side effects and label warnings. SLU-PP-332 is also the only one of the five promoted mainly for endurance rather than weight. See each guide for doses, risks and legal details.

Common questions about SLU-PP-332

Is SLU-PP-332 a peptide?

No. It is a small molecule with no amino-acid chain, weighing 290.3 g/mol, a fraction of the size of even a short peptide. It is sold by peptide vendors, which is why the label sticks, and a Health Canada table even filed it with injectable peptides. [1], [80] See what it is.

Is SLU-PP-332 the same as SLU-PP-915?

No. SLU-PP-915 is a newer, chemically different compound from the same research group, designed to work when swallowed. It has been studied only in mice, and its results cannot be transferred to SLU-PP-332. WADA names both on its 2027 list. Some products and posts treat them as interchangeable, which they are not. [18], [73], [6] See capsules and injections.

How long does SLU-PP-332 take to work?

There is no established timeline. People describe anything from a felt effect within half an hour of a dose, to changes over a couple of weeks, to nothing at all. The mouse endurance result appeared after a week of twice-daily injections, which does not translate into human time. [2], [15], [36] See what people report.

Does SLU-PP-332 work if you swallow it?

Nobody has tested it. The developers say it lacks oral bioavailability, and every animal result came from injections into the belly cavity, yet most products are capsules or tablets and many users say they feel an effect. Whether that reflects some absorption, a different product or expectation is unknown. [18], [2], [109] See capsules and injections.

What human dose has been studied?

None. No amount has been given to people in any study, so there is no tested starting dose, effective dose or safe maximum. Converting the mouse doses with a formula does not produce a human dose, because the formula is meant for planning a cautious first dose in a supervised trial after formal safety testing. [4], [56] See where the high numbers come from.

Can you take SLU-PP-332 with a GLP-1 like tirzepatide or retatrutide?

Many people do, but the combination has never been studied. The two are thought to act differently, one on appetite and one on energy use, which is why they are combined. That is also why combination reports cannot show what SLU-PP-332 added, and most of the low-blood-sugar-like episodes reported online involve GLP-1 users. [3], [20], [37] Read the Doserly guides to tirzepatide and retatrutide, and see low blood sugar.

Should SLU-PP-332 be stacked with BAM15, MOTS-c or 5-Amino-1MQ?

These pairings are common and untested. SLU-PP-332 is sold premixed with BAM15 and with 5-Amino-1MQ, and a blend's total strength is not the amount of each ingredient. Some capsule blends contain only 100 mcg of SLU-PP-332. [62], [13], [63] Read the Doserly guides to the SLU-PP-332 + BAM15 blend, the SLU-PP-332 + 5-Amino blend and MOTS-c.

Is it legal to buy SLU-PP-332?

It depends on where you live, and it is not approved in the United States or Canada. It has no FDA approval and is not on the US compounding lists, Health Canada has named a seized product as unauthorized, and it is not named in Australia's Poisons Standard. A "research use only" label does not make a product legal or safe to use. [97], [80], [102] See the dated legal-status summary.

Glossary

Plain explanations of the route, dosing and research terms used in this guide. Underlined terms in the text link here.

Adverse event

A harmful or unwanted medical event reported after someone used a treatment. A report alone does not prove the treatment caused it.

Animal study

Research in animals such as rats or mice. It shows what a substance does in a living body, but results in people can differ.

Bioavailability

How much of a dose reaches the bloodstream in a usable form. For SLU-PP-332 taken by mouth it has never been measured, and its developers say it lacks oral bioavailability.

Blend

A product that combines SLU-PP-332 with another compound, such as BAM15 or 5-Amino-1MQ. The blend's total amount is not its SLU-PP-332 amount.

Cell study (in vitro)

Research on cells grown in a dish. It gives early clues about biology, but it is far from proof of benefit in people.

Compounding

When a pharmacy prepares a customized medicine from individual ingredients. In the US, federal lists control which bulk ingredients pharmacies may use.

Controlled trial

A study that compares people who receive a treatment with a similar group who do not, often receiving a placebo instead. None has been done for SLU-PP-332.

Course and cycle

A course is the period of repeated use, such as eight weeks. A cycle is a course plus a planned break before any further use.

Daily total

All the amounts given in one day, added together. For example, 250 mcg twice daily is a 500 mcg daily total.

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

A strong solvent used in laboratories and industry. The only US-approved medicine with DMSO as its active ingredient is a solution placed into the bladder, labelled not for injection into a muscle or vein.

Dose (amount each time)

The amount given on one occasion. A protocol lists both the dose and how often it is given.

EC50

The concentration of a compound that produces half of its maximum effect in a laboratory test. A lower number means a stronger effect at the same concentration.

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs)

Three proteins in the cell nucleus (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ) that switch on genes for energy production. Despite the name, estrogen does not switch them on.

GLP-1 medicine

Short for glucagon-like peptide-1 medicine: a class of weight-loss and diabetes drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, that mainly work by reducing appetite and slowing digestion. Retatrutide is an investigational drug in a related class.

Half-life

The time it takes for the measured level of a substance in the blood to fall by half. It is not the same as how long an effect lasts. None has been published for SLU-PP-332.

Human equivalent dose

A number calculated from an animal dose with a body-surface formula. Regulators use it as a step toward a cautious first dose in a trial; it is not a tested human dose.

Intraperitoneal

Injected into the abdominal (belly) cavity, a common route in animal studies but not one people use. Every SLU-PP-332 animal study used it.

Investigational

Still being studied and not approved by a regulator, such as the FDA, to treat any condition.

mcg and mg

Micrograms and milligrams. 1 mg equals 1,000 mcg. SLU-PP-332 products are labelled in both, from 100 mcg to 100 mg.

Liver microsomes

Fragments of liver cells used in a dish to test how quickly the liver breaks a chemical down. The result is not the same as a half-life in the body.

Mitochondria

The parts of a cell that turn fuel from food into usable energy. Endurance training increases their number in muscle.

Oral

Taken by mouth, as a capsule, tablet or liquid, and swallowed.

Peptide

A short chain of amino acids. SLU-PP-332 is not a peptide, although it is often sold alongside them.

Pharmacokinetics

How the body absorbs, moves, breaks down and removes a substance.

Placebo

A dummy treatment with no active ingredient, used as a comparison in studies.

Preclinical research

Studies done before research in people: cell studies and animal studies.

Registered study plan

A trial described in a public registry such as ClinicalTrials.gov before or while it runs. Registration is not a result. None exists for SLU-PP-332.

Research use only

A label on products sold for laboratory research. It does not mean a product is approved, tested for human use or legal to sell as a medicine.

Small molecule

A compact chemical compound, like most tablet medicines, as opposed to a peptide or protein made of linked amino acids.

Subcutaneous (SC)

Injected into the fatty layer just under the skin. No SLU-PP-332 study has used this route.

Sublingual

Placed under the tongue to dissolve, rather than swallowed.

Syringe units

Markings on an insulin syringe that measure volume. On a U-100 syringe, 100 units equal 1 mL. The amount of drug per unit depends on the liquid's concentration, and the arithmetic fails if the powder is not fully dissolved.

Titration

Adjusting a dose in steps, usually starting lower and increasing if needed.

Type IIa muscle fibers

Fast but fatigue-resistant muscle fibers packed with mitochondria. Endurance training increases their share.

WADA

The World Anti-Doping Agency, which publishes the list of substances banned in sport.

Explore more of the research

Go deeper into the experiments behind the claims.

Across this guide, the citations include 11 original scientific papers on SLU-PP-332, all preclinical (in cells, animals or chemistry laboratories). The optional library below groups them by question. Paper counts are not counts of independent research teams: most come from the group that created the compound. Registry records, reviews, websites and personal accounts are counted separately.

In the route details, intraperitoneal means injected into the belly cavity.

How this guide was researched

This guide is built from a thorough review of the sources cited throughout it: published scientific studies, trial registries, regulatory and anti-doping documents, chemical databases and published protocol descriptions. We also reviewed public online forums and community education groups where people describe their own experiences with SLU-PP-332.

The guide cites 116 sources, including 15 original scientific papers. Each type of source answers a different question. Studies show what researchers measured. Protocol descriptions show how SLU-PP-332 is typically used. Personal accounts show what individual people experienced. Every numbered citation links to its entry below, labeled by source type.

How this guide was made

Research and drafting were AI-assisted. Every cited source was checked against the original, and the guide was reviewed and edited by Doserly before publication. It has not had an independent clinical review, and Doserly does not currently have medical reviewers. Doserly makes a medication and health-tracking app and runs Doserly Academy, both of which are promoted in this guide. Read our editorial policy for how guides are researched, updated and corrected.

This guide is for educational purposes. It summarizes what the reviewed sources report so the research is easier to understand; it is not medical advice. For a deeper dive, or to check any point for yourself, go straight to the cited sources.

Explore the sources